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ram130.doc
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1995-04-22
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THE ATARI 130XE MEMORY UPGRADE
The Atari 130XE lends itself to memory increases quite
easily. For those who may care the Freddie chip (Part #
CO61991-29) has been around for a while. Remember the 1400
and 1450XL computers? These machines used Freddie also.
Freddie is used for multiplexing the address's fo th RAM
chips and provides system timing. The chip that does all
of the actual work in providing for the memory management
is the custom chip next to Freddie. (Part # CO25953) This
chip takes it's input's from th 6520 PIA and from Antic for
CAS, RAS, etc. The pin that we are concerned with is pin
14 (CASBANK).
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Technical Overview
Now for the good part. If we redirect the output of
pin 14 of the CO25953 to another bank of 64K ram chips we
can, via software, select any one of 8 banks of 64K. In
this configuration one would have a maximum of 589,815
bytes of memory. The only disadvantage of this is the fact
that under these constraints the hardware becomes more
complex and the software to drive it does too. I recommend
that for general purposes the 130XE be upgraded to a
maximum of 320K. It gives the user sufficient "horsepower"
and yet at the same time the software does not become too
intense. Now for the bad news. To implement the 320K mod
one has to remove the internal basic ROM which really isn't
that bad because most users are using Basic XL/XE anyway.
The reason for this is quite good. That bit is required
for the addressing of the extra bank(s) of memory.
Actually one could use the Self-test bit but that requires
additional hardware or a reburn of the O.S. ROM. More on
that later.
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The Mod
What we will do is to wire up a 74LS138 to the 6520
PIA and to pin 14 of the CO25953. The 74138 can be best
described as a routing switch. The data that we want to
re-direct is presented at pin 4 of the 138 and the data
output is pins 15, 14, 13 and 12. The pins that tell the
chip to what bank to directs it's output to are pins 1, 2,
and 3. Now for the installation.
1) Take 24 64K x 1 RAM chips and bend out pin 15 on
all of them. Pin 15 is the CAS line.
2) Solder these chips onto the existing RAM chips in
the 130. Do not solder anything to pin 15 yet! For ease
of servicing and soldering I staggered these new RAM chips
onto the existing ones. I recommend this highly. When you
has completed soldering in each new bank take a piece of
insulated wire and solder this wire to pin 15 of each new
RAM chip. Wire wrap wire works nicely for this. Continue
with this process until all 3 additional banks are wired.
3) Just to the right of Freddie is an area to solder
in a 14 pin IC chip. We will use this area to supply +5
and ground to our 74138. Take a 74LS138 and bend out all
of the pins except pins 8 and 16. Solder pins 8 and 16
into the holes of the unused chip area next to Freddie.
4) Next to the RAM chips is the chip with the part #
of CO25953. Behind the chip are two 33 ohm resistors.
(orange, orange, black, gold) Unsolder the right-most lead
of the rear resistor. (R111) Solder a wire from the free
end of the resistor to PIN 15 of the 74138. Solder another
wire from the land where the resistor used to go to pin 4
of the 74138.
5) Solder two wires from pins 11 and 16 of the 6520
PIA chip (Part # CO14795-12) to pins 1 and 2 of the 74138.
Also ground pins 3 and 5 of the 74138.
6) Solder the CAS line from each new bank of 64K to
pins 14, 13, and 12 of the 74138.
7) Unsolder the Basic ROM chip from the board. This
is the 24 pin chip that is located closest to the front of
the machine just to the left of the 555 timer IC.
Thats it.
.c
Conclusion and Tech notes:
To test each bank boot with DOS 2.5 with your basic
cartridge, POKE 5439,49, set the appropriate PIA port bit,
go to DOS and reformat D8. Continue through all the banks
and check your directory. If you write a file to one bank,
switch banks, and write another file, you will not lose
what you wrote to the first. The real advantage is that
you can have your ramdisk and Basic XE too. Around the
bbs's here in Chicago there is a file floating around
called RAMDISK2. The source code is available on
compuserve. By re-writing the routine you can have your
ramdisk invisible to Basic XE and/or double density.
I mentioned previously about using the Self-test bit
in the PIA port. To use this bit you have to disconnct the
line on the PIA that runs to the PAL MMU and connect it to
a 556 timer that will enable the self-test input to the PAL
for about 3-5 seconds. Half of the timer is used for
timing and the other half is used as an inverter. The
reason for using a timer is that on boot-up the OS uses
some of the routines in the self test to check for valid
RAM and to determine RAM size. I have done this and then
pulled the circuit out. It was just too "messy" to suit
me.
One potential problem is the 555 timer used in the
130. This chip is used for system reset timing. If you
press your system reset key down and hold it there the
system should not reset. If it does you will notice that
if you release it the system will reset again. The reason
for this is because the 555 timer is putting out a spike
that the system sees as a valid reset. To solve the
problem replace the chip. It seems about 1 in 10 are bad.
That's it! Hope you enjoy the mod.
Rich Andrews
Box 229-1 RR#7
Lockport, Il 60441